Measuring biodiversity, endemism and genetic diversity

4.2 i) Understand the terms biodiversity and endemism.

ii) Know how biodiversity can be measured within a habitat using species richness and within a species using genetic diversity by calculating the heterozygosity index (H):

$$\mathrm{H}=\frac{\text{number of heterozygotes}}{\text{number of individuals in the population}}$$

iii) Understand how biodiversity can be compared in different habitats using a formula to calculate an index of diversity (D):