Electrophilic substitution (A-level only) (3.3.10.2) | AQA A-level Chemistry - (7405) | KnowledgeSet

Electrophilic substitution (A-level only)

Chemistry · A-Level · AQA · AQA A-level Chemistry - (7405) · Specification point · 3.3.10.2 · Organic chemistry · Aromatic chemistry (A-level only)

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3.3.10.2 Electrophilic substitution (A-level only)

Content	Opportunities for skills development
$Electrophilic attack on benzene rings results in substitution, limited to monosubstitutions. Nitration is an important step in synthesis, including the manufacture of explosives and formation of amines. Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions are also important steps in synthesis. Students should be able to outline the electrophilic substitution mechanisms of: nitration, including the generation of the nitronium ion acylation using AlCl₃ as a catalyst.$	$AT b, d, g and h PS 2.1, 2.3 and 4.1 Students could carry out the preparation of methyl 3-nitrobenzoate by nitration of methyl benzoate, purification by recrystallisation and determination of melting point.$

Content

Opportunities for skills development

Electrophilic attack on benzene rings results in substitution, limited to monosubstitutions. Nitration is an important step in synthesis, including the manufacture of explosives and formation of amines. Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions are also important steps in synthesis. Students should be able to outline the electrophilic substitution mechanisms of: nitration, including the generation of the nitronium ion acylation using AlCl₃ as a catalyst.

AT b, d, g and h PS 2.1, 2.3 and 4.1 Students could carry out the preparation of methyl 3-nitrobenzoate by nitration of methyl benzoate, purification by recrystallisation and determination of melting point.