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Placeholder: Edexcel GCSE Chemistry Higher | KnowledgeSet

Subjects
GCSE
Chemistry (Separate Science)
Edexcel
Placeholder: Edexcel GCSE Chemistry Higher

GCSEEdexcel

Placeholder: Edexcel GCSE Chemistry Higher

Explore the **Higher-tier** requirements for Edexcel GCSE Chemistry (1CH0), including subject knowledge, practical understanding and the mathematical skills assessed at this tier.

1a Atomic structure

1.1Development of the atomic model

1.2Structure of the atom

1.3Charge and mass of subatomic particles

1.4Atomic charge neutrality

1.5Size of the nucleus

1.6Mass distribution in the atom

1.8Atomic number and elements

1.10Calculating subatomic particles

1.11Relative atomic mass and isotopes

1.12Calculating relative atomic mass

1b The periodic table

1.13Mendeleev’s arrangement of the periodic table

1.14Mendeleev’s prediction of new elements

1.15Isotopes and Mendeleev’s atomic mass ordering

1.16Atomic number and periodic table position

1c Ionic bonding

1.21Formation of ionic bonds

1.23Calculating subatomic particles in ions

1.24Ion formation in ionic compounds

1d Covalent bonding

1.28Formation of covalent bonds

1.29Covalent bonding and molecules

1.30Size of atoms and small molecules

1.31Simple covalent molecules

1e Types of substance

1.32Bonding types and physical properties

1.33Properties of ionic compounds

1.34Properties of simple molecular substances

1.35Graphite and diamond as giant covalent structures

1f Calculations involving masses

1.43Relative formula mass and percentage composition

1.44Empirical formula from composition

1.45Empirical and molecular formulae

1.46Empirical formula practical

2a States of matter

2.1Particle model of states of matter

2.2Changes of state

2.3Particle changes during state changes

2.4Predicting physical state from data

3a Acids

3.1Acids and alkalis as ion sources

3.2pH scale and neutral solutions

3.3Acid–alkali indicators

3.4Ion concentration and pH

4a Obtaining and using metals

4.1Metal reactivity from reactions

4.2Displacement as redox

4.3Reactivity series and metal cations

5a Transition metals, alloys and corrosion

5.1CProperties of transition metals

5.2CCorrosion of metals

5.3CPreventing rusting of iron

5.4CElectroplating and corrosion resistance

6a Group 1

6.1Classifying alkali metals, halogens and noble gases

6.2Physical properties of alkali metals

6.3Reactions of lithium, sodium and potassium with water

7a Rates of reaction

7.1Rates of reaction practicals: gas production and colour change

7.2Practical methods for measuring rate of reaction

7.3Collision theory and rate of reaction

8a Fuels

8.1Hydrocarbons

8.2Crude oil and its importance

8.3Fractional distillation of crude oil

8.4Fractions of crude oil and their uses

9a Qualitative analysis: tests for ions

9.1CNeed for unique ion tests

9.2CFlame tests for metal ions

9.3CSodium hydroxide tests for metal cations

1.17Periods and groups in the periodic table

1.18Metals and non-metals in the periodic table

1.19Electronic configurations of the first 20 elements

1.20Electronic configuration and periodic table position

1.25Naming compounds with -ide and -ate

1.26Formulae of ionic compounds

1.27Ionic lattice structure

1.36Structures of graphite and diamond

1.37Uses of graphite and diamond

1.38Properties of fullerenes and graphene

1.39Structure of simple polymers

1.40Properties of metals

1.41Limitations of bonding models

1.42Properties of metals and non-metals

1.47Conservation of mass in reactions

1.48Mass calculations from balanced equations

1.49Concentration calculations in g dm–3

1.50Definition of the mole

1.51Mole and particle calculations

1.52Limiting reactants and product mass

1.53Stoichiometry from reacting masses

2b Methods of separating and purifying substances

2.5Pure substances and mixtures

2.6Melting points of pure substances and mixtures

2.7Separation techniques for mixtures

2.8Selecting separation techniques

2.9Paper chromatography

2.10Interpreting chromatograms and Rf values

2.11Ink composition practical

2.12Making water potable and pure for analysis

3.5pH changes and powers of ten

3.6Calcium oxide/hydroxide and hydrochloric acid practical

3.7Dilute and concentrated solutions

3.8Weak and strong acids

3.9Bases and salt formation

3.10Alkalis as soluble bases

3.11General reactions of acids

3.12Tests for hydrogen and carbon dioxide

3.13Neutralisation reactions

3.14Ionic equation for acid–alkali neutralisation

3.15Making soluble salts from insoluble bases

3.16Making soluble salts by titration

3.17Preparation of hydrated copper sulfate crystals

3.18Acid–alkali titration method

3.19Solubility rules for common salts

3.20Predicting precipitate formation

3.21Preparing insoluble salts

3b Electrolytic processes

3.22Electrolytes

3.23Electrolysis process

3.24Ion movement during electrolysis

3.25Products of electrolysis with inert electrodes

3.26Products of electrolysis of molten ionic compounds

3.27Half equations in electrolysis

3.28Oxidation and reduction and electrons

3.29Redox at anode and cathode in electrolysis

3.30Electrolysis of copper sulfate with copper electrodes

3.31Copper sulfate electrolysis practical

Metal ores and uncombined metals

4.5Oxidation and reduction with oxygen

4.6Metal extraction as reduction of ores

4.7Extraction methods and reactivity series

4.8Biological metal extraction methods

4.9Oxidation resistance and reactivity series

4.10Advantages of recycling metals

4.11Life-cycle assessment of products

4.12Evaluating life-cycle assessment data

4b Reversible reactions and equilibria

4.13Reversible reactions and equilibrium symbol

4.14Dynamic equilibrium

4.15Ammonia formation and equilibrium

4.16Conditions for the Haber process

4.17Effect of conditions on equilibrium position

5.5CAlloys and metal strength

5.6CAlloy steels

5.7CUses and properties of common metals and alloys

5b Quantitative analysis

5.8CConcentration calculations in mol dm–3

5.9CAccurate acid–alkali titration practical

5.10CTitration calculations for unknown concentration or volume

5.11CPercentage yield calculations

5.12CReasons for low actual yield

5.13CAtom economy

5.14CAtom economy calculations

5.15CChoosing a reaction pathway

5.16CMolar volume of gases at room conditions

5.17CMass–volume calculations using molar volume

5.18CGas volume calculations using Avogadro’s law

5c Dynamic equilibria

5.19CHaber process as a reversible reaction

5.20CFactors affecting rate of equilibrium attainment

5.21CIndustrial reaction conditions and economic considerations

5.22CFertilisers and NPK compounds

5.23CAmmonia and nitric acid to make fertiliser salts

5.24CLaboratory vs industrial production of ammonium sulfate

5d Chemical cells and fuel cells

5.25CVoltage from chemical cells

5.26CHydrogen–oxygen fuel cells

5.27CEvaluating fuel cells for different uses

6.4

Reactivity pattern of alkali metals with water

6.5Explaining alkali metal reactivity using electronic structure

6b Group 7

6.6Colours and states of chlorine, bromine and iodine

6.7Physical properties and trends in the halogens

6.8Chemical test for chlorine gas

6.9Reactions of halogens with metals to form halides

6.10Hydrogen halides and acidic solutions

6.11Reactivity of halogens from displacement reactions

6.12Displacement reactions of halogens as redox

6.13Explaining halogen reactivity using electronic structure

6c Group 0

6.14Inertness of noble gases and electronic configuration

6.15Uses of noble gases

6.16Physical property trends in the noble gases

7.4Factors affecting rate of reaction

7.5Interpreting rate of reaction graphs

7.6Definition of a catalyst

7.7Catalysts and activation energy

7.8Enzymes as biological catalysts

7b Heat energy changes in chemical reactions

7.9Temperature changes in solution reactions

7.10Exothermic reactions

7.11Endothermic reactions

7.12Bond breaking and making and energy changes

7.13Overall energy change in reactions

7.14Bond energy calculations

7.15Activation energy

7.16Reaction profiles for endothermic and exothermic reactions

8.5Differences between crude oil fractions

8.6Homologous series

8.7Complete combustion of hydrocarbons

8.8Incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons

8.9Toxicity of carbon monoxide

8.10Problems from incomplete combustion

8.11Sulfur dioxide from fuel impurities

8.12Acid rain and its effects

8.13Formation of oxides of nitrogen in engines

8.14Hydrogen versus petrol as car fuels

8.15Fossil fuels as non-renewable resources

8.16Cracking of hydrocarbons

8.17Need for cracking

8b Earth and atmospheric science

8.18Volcanic origins of the early atmosphere

8.19Composition of the Earth’s early atmosphere

8.20Formation of oceans by condensation

8.21Decrease of atmospheric CO₂ in early oceans

8.22Photosynthesis and rise of atmospheric oxygen

8.23Chemical test for oxygen

8.24Greenhouse effect and atmospheric gases

8.25Evidence and uncertainties for human-caused climate change

8.26Today’s atmosphere and effects of increased greenhouse gases

Chemical test for ammonia

9.5CTests for carbonate, sulfate and halide ions

9.6CIon identification practical

9.7CIdentifying ions in unknown salts

9.8CInstrumental methods of analysis

9.9CFlame photometry and ion concentration

9b Hydrocarbons

9.10CStructures and formulae of alkanes

9.11CAlkanes as saturated hydrocarbons

9.12CStructures and formulae of alkenes

9.13CAlkenes as unsaturated hydrocarbons

9.14CAddition of bromine to alkenes

9.15CBromine water test for alkenes

9.16CComplete combustion of alkanes and alkenes

9c Polymers

9.17CDefinition of polymers

9.18CAddition polymerisation of ethene

9.19CAddition polymers from other alkenes

9.20CMonomer and polymer structure relationships

9.21CPolymer uses and properties

9.22CFormation of polyesters by condensation

9.23CProblems associated with polymers

9.24CRecycling polymers: advantages and disadvantages

9.25CBiological polymers: DNA, starch and proteins

9d Alcohols and carboxylic acids

9.26CStructures and formulae of alcohols

9.27CAlcohol functional group and dehydration

9.28CCombustion of alcohols practical

9.29CStructures and formulae of carboxylic acids

9.30CCarboxylic acid functional group and acidity

9.31COxidation of alcohols to carboxylic acids

9.32CHomologous series and functional groups

9.33CFermentation to produce ethanol

9.34CConcentrating ethanol by fractional distillation

9e Bulk and surface properties of matter including nanoparticles

9.35CSize of nanoparticles versus atoms and molecules

9.36CProperties and uses of nanoparticles

9.37CRisks of nanoparticulate materials

9.38CComparing properties of ceramics, polymers, composites and metals

9.39CSelecting materials based on properties