Biology · IGCSE · Cambridge · Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Biology 0970 (Extended) (2026–2028) · Specification point · 9.2 · Transport in animals
9.2 Heart
| Core | Supplement |
|---|---|
1 Identify in diagrams and images the structures of the mammalian heart, limited to: muscular wall, septum, left and right ventricles, left and right atria, one-way valves and coronary arteries | |
2 State that blood is pumped away from the heart in arteries and returns to the heart in veins | |
3 State that the activity of the heart may be monitored by: ECG, pulse rate and listening to sounds of valves closing | |
4 Investigate and describe the effect of physical activity on the heart rate | |
5 Describe coronary heart disease in terms of the blockage of coronary arteries and state the possible risk factors including: diet, lack of exercise, stress, smoking, genetic predisposition, age and sex |
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6 Discuss the roles of diet and exercise in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease |
7 Identify in diagrams and images the atrioventricular and semilunar valves in the mammalian heart |
8 Explain the relative thickness of: (a) the muscle walls of the left and right ventricles (b) the muscle walls of the atria compared to those of the ventricles |
9 Explain the importance of the septum in separating oxygenated and deoxygenated blood |
10 Describe the functioning of the heart in terms of the contraction of muscles of the atria and ventricles and the action of the valves |
11 Explain the effect of physical activity on the heart rate |