Chemistry · IGCSE · Cambridge · Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Chemistry 0971 (Extended) (2026–2028) · Specification point · 11.1 · Organic chemistry
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11.1 Formulae, functional groups and terminology
| Core | Supplement |
|---|---|
1 Draw and interpret the displayed formula of a molecule to show all the atoms and all the bonds | |
2 Write and interpret general formulae of compounds in the same homologous series, limited to: (a) alkanes, CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ (b) alkenes, CₙH₂ₙ (c) alcohols, CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH (d) carboxylic acids, CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH | |
3 Identify a functional group as an atom or group of atoms that determine the chemical properties of a homologous series | |
7 State that a structural formula is an unambiguous description of the way the atoms in a molecule are arranged, including CH₂=CH₂, CH₃CH₂OH, CH₃COOCH₃ | |
8 Define structural isomers as compounds with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae, including C₄H₁₀ as CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃ and CH₃CH(CH₃)₂ and C₄H₈ as CH₃CH=CH₂ and CH₃CH₂CH=CH₃
4 State that a homologous series is a family of similar compounds with similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group | 9 Describe the general characteristics of a homologous series as: (a) having the same functional group (b) having the same general formula (c) differing from one member to the next by a −CH₂− unit (d) displaying a trend in physical properties (e) sharing similar chemical properties |
5 State that a saturated compound has molecules in which all carbon–carbon bonds are single bonds |
6 State that an unsaturated compound has molecules in which one or more carbon–carbon bonds are not single bonds |