The effect of lifestyle on some non-communicable diseases Flashcards – AQA GCSE Combined Science: Trilogy (8464) — Biology — Foundation

What does lung disease incidence measure?

New cases in a defined population over a stated period.

What can lung disease incidence data be used to examine?

Associations between lung disease and risk factors, such as smoking and pollution.

What three aspects must be considered when comparing lung disease incidence data?

The populations, time periods, and exposure measures used.

What does a correlation between two variables mean, and what does it not establish?

The variables vary together, but this alone does not establish that one causes the other.

How can other factors confound an association between an exposure and lung disease incidence?

They may influence both the exposure and disease incidence.

What should be considered when interpreting a risk factor–disease association causally?

Study design, possible confounding, and the strength and consistency of evidence.