Which five structures are shared by plant and animal cells?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes and mitochondria.
Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Biology 0970 (Extended) (2026–2028) · 2.1
Revise Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Biology 0970 (Extended) (2026–2028) specification point 2.1, Cell structure, with free active-recall flashcards. Flip through the set or review every question and answer below.
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Which five structures are shared by plant and animal cells?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes and mitochondria.
What does the cell membrane control?
The movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Where do many chemical reactions occur in a cell?
In the cytoplasm.
What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
It contains genetic material and controls cell activities.
What do ribosomes make?
Proteins.
Where does aerobic respiration occur in a cell?
In the mitochondria.
Which three structures together distinguish a typical plant cell from an animal cell in a diagram or image?
A cell wall, chloroplasts and a large vacuole.
Which two structures found in typical plant cells are absent from animal cells?
Cell walls and chloroplasts.
What is the role of the plant cell wall?
It supports the cell and maintains its shape.
What is the role of chloroplasts in a plant cell?
They absorb light for photosynthesis.
What does the large vacuole of a plant cell contain?
Cell sap.
How does the vacuole help a plant cell?
It helps keep the cell firm.
How are the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and ribosomes arranged in a bacterial cell?
The cell wall surrounds the cell membrane; cytoplasm and ribosomes are inside.
What is the function of a bacterial cell wall?
It supports and protects the cell.
What is the function of a bacterial cell membrane?
It controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
What happens in the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell?
Many chemical reactions occur there.
What is the function of ribosomes in a bacterial cell?
They make proteins.
What form does a bacterial cell's main genetic material take, and where is it found?
It is circular DNA in the cytoplasm, rather than inside a nucleus.
What are bacterial plasmids?
Smaller circles of DNA that may also be present in a bacterial cell.
What does cell specialisation mean for the roles of cells within and across organisms?
Different cells carry out particular functions rather than all performing the same function.
What is the function of ciliated cells in the trachea and bronchi?
They move mucus.
What is the function of root hair cells?
They absorb substances from their surroundings.
What is the function of palisade mesophyll cells?
They carry out photosynthesis.
What is the function of neurones?
They conduct electrical impulses.
What is the function of red blood cells?
They transport oxygen.
What role do sperm and egg cells have?
They are gametes involved in reproduction.
What is a cell?
A basic living unit.
How are new cells produced?
By the division of existing cells.
How are cells, tissues, organs and organ systems organised in a multicellular organism?
Groups of cells work together to form tissues; different tissues work together to form organs; organs work together to form organ systems.
What is an organism?
An individual living thing made up of coordinated parts.