How are components connected in a series circuit?
In a single conducting path.
Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Physics 0972 (Extended) (2026–2028) · 4.3.2
Revise Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Physics 0972 (Extended) (2026–2028) specification point 4.3.2, Series and parallel circuits, with free active-recall flashcards. Flip through the set or review every question and answer below.
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How are components connected in a series circuit?
In a single conducting path.
How does current compare at different points in a series circuit?
It is the same at every point.
How are branches connected in a parallel circuit?
They provide separate paths between common junctions.
What happens to the source current as it flows through the branches of a parallel circuit?
It divides between the branches and recombines.
How does the source current relate to the branch currents in a parallel circuit?
It equals the sum of the branch currents. If more than one branch carries current, it is greater than the current in any one branch.
What conducting path must a working series or parallel circuit have?
A complete conducting path through the source.
What potential difference is across each lamp connected in parallel?
The supply potential difference.
Why can other lamps remain lit if one parallel lamp fails?
Their separate conducting paths remain complete.
How can lamps in parallel be controlled independently?
Use switches in their separate branches.
What is the equivalent resistance of a group of resistors?
The resistance that gives the same current for the same potential difference across the group.
How is the combined resistance of resistors in series calculated?
Add their resistances:
How does the combined resistance of two parallel resistors compare with either resistor alone?
It is less than the resistance of either resistor.
Why is the combined resistance of two parallel resistors less than either resistance alone?
The separate paths together carry more current than either path alone for the same potential difference.
What is the e.m.f. of a source?
The energy the source transfers to charge per unit charge.
How is the combined e.m.f. of sources in series calculated, accounting for their orientations?
Take the algebraic sum of their individual e.m.f.s: sources driving charge in the same direction have the same sign; an opposing source has the opposite sign.