Safety precautions Flashcards – Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Physics 0972 (Extended) (2026–2028)

How can ionising nuclear radiation damage living cells?

By ionising molecules within them.

What are the two possible effects of radiation damage on a living cell?

The cell may be killed, or its DNA may be altered, causing a mutation.

How can a mutation caused by ionising radiation lead to cancer?

It can disrupt the control of cell division.

How does radiation dose affect the risk of harm?

The risk of harm increases as the dose increases.

What are the two main aims of safely handling radioactive materials?

To limit exposure to ionising radiation and prevent radioactive material from spreading.

What are the three main ways to reduce exposure to a radioactive source?

• Minimise time near it and use it only when needed.
• Keep as much distance as practicable.
• Use suitable shielding, such as a lead container.

Why are tongs used to handle a radioactive source?

They allow it to be handled at a distance.

How should radioactive sources be transported?

In secure, suitably shielded containers.

How should radioactive sources be stored when not in use?

In labelled, shielded storage.

What two measures help prevent radioactive material from contaminating people or surroundings?

Containment and appropriate protective equipment.