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Notes/IGCSE/Biology (Combined Science)/Edexcel/Modular

Syllabus

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Science (Double Award) — Biology (Modular) — 4XSD1

- •Characteristics of living organisms1.1
- •Eukaryotic organisms1.2
  •Prokaryotic organisms1.3
  •Pathogens and viruses1.4
- •Sexual and asexual reproduction4.1
  •Fertilisation and embryo development4.2
  •Insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flowers4.3
  •Fertilisation, seeds and fruits4.4
  •Practical: seed germination4.5
  •Food reserves in germinating seeds4.6
  •Asexual reproduction in plants4.7
  •Human reproductive systems4.8
  •Oestrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle4.9
  •The placenta4.11
  •Amniotic fluid4.12
  •Secondary sexual characteristics4.13
- •The genome and genes4.14
  •Genes and chromosomes4.15
  •Alleles4.19
  •Genetic terminology4.20
  •Polygenic inheritance4.22
  •Monohybrid inheritance diagrams4.23
  •Family pedigrees4.24
  •Probabilities in monohybrid crosses4.25
  •Sex chromosomes4.26
  •Sex determination diagrams4.27
  •Mitosis and chromosome number4.28
  •Roles of mitosis4.29
  •Meiosis and haploid gametes4.30
  •Random fertilisation and genetic variation4.31
  •Human diploid and haploid chromosome numbers4.32
  •Genetic and environmental variation4.33
  •Mutations4.34
  •Evolution by natural selection4.38
  •Antibiotic resistance4.39

Syllabus

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Science (Double Award) — Biology (Modular) — 4XSD1

- •Characteristics of living organisms1.1
- •Eukaryotic organisms1.2
  •Prokaryotic organisms1.3
  •Pathogens and viruses1.4
- •Sexual and asexual reproduction4.1
  •Fertilisation and embryo development4.2
  •Insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flowers4.3
  •Fertilisation, seeds and fruits4.4
  •Practical: seed germination4.5
  •Food reserves in germinating seeds4.6
  •Asexual reproduction in plants4.7
  •Human reproductive systems4.8
  •Oestrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle4.9
  •The placenta4.11
  •Amniotic fluid4.12
  •Secondary sexual characteristics4.13
- •The genome and genes4.14
  •Genes and chromosomes4.15
  •Alleles4.19
  •Genetic terminology4.20
  •Polygenic inheritance4.22
  •Monohybrid inheritance diagrams4.23
  •Family pedigrees4.24
  •Probabilities in monohybrid crosses4.25
  •Sex chromosomes4.26
  •Sex determination diagrams4.27
  •Mitosis and chromosome number4.28
  •Roles of mitosis4.29
  •Meiosis and haploid gametes4.30
  •Random fertilisation and genetic variation4.31
  •Human diploid and haploid chromosome numbers4.32
  •Genetic and environmental variation4.33
  •Mutations4.34
  •Evolution by natural selection4.38
  •Antibiotic resistance4.39

Alveolar adaptations for gas exchange

Edexcel·Biology (Combined Science)·2.48·Modular

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