Mitosis

Mitosis is the division of a cell’s nucleus to produce two nuclei with the same genetic information. It is usually followed by division of the rest of the cell, producing two genetically identical daughter cells.

Before mitosis, each chromosome is replicated, producing two identical copies joined together. During mitosis, the copies separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. A nucleus forms around each set, so each daughter cell receives the same genetic information and the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.

What mitosis enables

Mitosis increases cell number for growth. It also produces new cells to repair damaged tissues and replace cells that are lost or worn out.

In asexual reproduction, a single parent produces offspring without the joining of sex cells. Mitosis produces genetically identical cells, so the offspring have the same genetic information as the parent.

Stem cells

A stem cell is an unspecialised cell that can divide and produce cells that become specialised for particular functions. Specialisation gives a cell the structures and characteristics it needs for its role.

Stem cells divide by mitosis. Before division, the cell copies its genetic information. Mitosis then produces two daughter cells with the same genetic information as the original cell.

A daughter cell can become specialised through differentiation. During this process, different genes become active, causing the cell to develop the structures needed for a particular function. Cells can therefore have the same genetic information but develop different specialised roles.