KnowledgeSetKnowledgeSet
Pricing
Log InGet Started

The learning loop

See all features →
01

Build understanding

Clear explanations. Connected ideas. Help when you need it.

02

Put it into practice

Try it, get feedback, and learn from every attempt.

03

Know what to work on next

See your progress and find a clearer next step.

Key Stage 3
Coming soon
GCSE
  • Biology
  • Chemistry
  • Physics
  • Biology (Combined)
  • Chemistry (Combined)
  • Physics (Combined)
  • Maths
  • Geography
IGCSE
  • Biology
  • Chemistry
  • Physics
A-Level
  • Biology
  • Chemistry
  • Physics
11+
Coming soon
Product
See all features →

Build understanding

Clear explanations. Connected ideas. Help when you need it.

Put it into practice

Try it, get feedback, and learn from every attempt.

Know what to work on next

See your progress and find a clearer next step.

Subjects
Pricing
Log InGet Started
HomeSubjectsAnalyticsSageAILessonsNotesFlashcardsQuestionsFeedback
Notes/IGCSE/Physics/Edexcel/Linear

Syllabus

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1) Physics (Linear) — 4PH1

      • •Units for forces and motion1.1
      • •Units for moments and momentum1.2P
      • •Distance-time graphs1.3
      • •Average speed calculations1.4
      • •Practical: investigating motion1.5
      • •Acceleration calculations1.6
      • •Velocity-time graphs1.7
      • •Acceleration from velocity-time graphs1.8
      • •Distance from velocity-time graphs1.9
      • •The speed, acceleration and distance equation1.10
      • •Effects of forces1.11
      • •Types of force1.12
      • •Vectors and scalars1.13
      • •Force as a vector1.14
      • •Resultant forces1.15
      • •Friction1.16
      • •Force, mass and acceleration1.17
      • •Weight and gravitational field strength1.18
      • •Thinking, braking and stopping distances1.19
      • •Factors affecting stopping distance1.20
      • •Falling objects and terminal velocity1.21
      • •Practical: force and extension1.22
      • •Hooke's law1.23
      • •Elastic behaviour1.24
      • •Momentum calculations1.25P
      • •Momentum and safety features1.26P
      • •Conservation of momentum1.27P
      • •Force and change in momentum1.28P
      • •Newton's third law1.29P
      • •Moments of forces1.30P
      • •Centre of gravity1.31P
      • •The principle of moments1.32P
      • •Forces on a supported beam1.33P
      • •Units for electricity2.1
      • •Electrical safety2.2
      • •Heating effects of electric current2.3
      • •Electrical power and fuse selection2.4
      • •Electrical energy, current, voltage and time2.5
      • •Alternating and direct current2.6
      • •Applications of series and parallel circuits2.7
      • •Current in series circuits2.8
      • •Current-voltage characteristics2.9
      • •Resistance and current2.10
      • •LDRs and thermistors2.11
      • •Lamps and LEDs as current indicators2.12
      • •Voltage, current and resistance2.13
      • •Current as the rate of flow of charge2.14
      • •Charge, current and time2.15
      • •Electron flow in metals2.16
      • •Conservation of current at junctions2.17
      • •Voltage across parallel components2.18
      • •Calculations for series resistors2.19
      • •Voltage as energy transferred per unit charge2.20
      • •Energy, charge and voltage2.21
      • •Electrical conductors and insulators2.22P
      • •Practical: charging by friction2.23P
      • •Charging by electron transfer2.24P
      • •Attraction and repulsion of charges2.25P
      • •Explaining electrostatic phenomena2.26P
      • •Dangers of electrostatic charge2.27P
      • •Uses of electrostatic charge2.28P
      • •Units for waves3.1
      • •Longitudinal and transverse waves3.2
      • •Wave terminology3.3
      • •Energy and information transfer by waves3.4
      • •Wave speed, frequency and wavelength3.5
      • •Frequency and time period3.6
      • •Applying wave equations3.7
      • •The Doppler effect3.8
      • •Reflection and refraction of waves3.9
      • •The electromagnetic spectrum3.10
      • •Order of the electromagnetic spectrum3.11
      • •Uses of electromagnetic radiation3.12
      • •Dangers of electromagnetic radiation3.13
      • •Light as a transverse wave3.14
      • •The law of reflection3.15
      • •Reflection and refraction ray diagrams3.16
      • •Practical: refraction of light3.17
      • •Refractive index calculations3.18
      • •Practical: refractive index of glass3.19
      • •Total internal reflection3.20
      • •Critical angle3.21
      • •Critical angle and refractive index3.22
      • •Sound as a longitudinal wave3.23
      • •The human hearing range3.24P
      • •Practical: speed of sound in air3.25P
      • •Displaying sound waves on an oscilloscope3.26P
      • •Practical: measuring sound frequency3.27P
      • •Pitch and frequency3.28P
      • •Loudness and amplitude3.29P
      • •Units for energy and power4.1
      • •Energy stores and transfers4.2
      • •Conservation of energy4.3
      • •Efficiency calculations4.4
      • •Energy transfers and Sankey diagrams4.5
      • •Conduction, convection and radiation4.6
      • •Convection in everyday situations4.7
      • •Emission and absorption of radiation4.8
      • •Practical: thermal energy transfer4.9
      • •Reducing unwanted energy transfers4.10
      • •Work, force and distance4.11
      • •Work done and energy transferred4.12
      • •Gravitational potential energy4.13
      • •Kinetic energy4.14
      • •Conservation of mechanical energy4.15
      • •Power as the rate of energy transfer4.16
      • •Power, work and time calculations4.17
      • •Energy transfers in electricity generation4.18P
      • •Comparing electricity generation methods4.19P
      • •Units for solids, liquids and gases5.1
      • •Units for specific heat capacity5.2P
      • •Density, mass and volume5.3
      • •Practical: measuring density5.4
      • •Pressure, force and area5.5
      • •Pressure in fluids at rest5.6
      • •Pressure difference in a fluid5.7
      • •Heating and energy changes5.8P
      • •Melting, evaporation and boiling5.9P
      • •Particle arrangement and motion5.10P
      • •Practical: temperature during a change of state5.11P
      • •Specific heat capacity5.12P
      • •Thermal energy change calculations5.13P
      • •Practical: specific heat capacity5.14P
      • •Gas particles and pressure5.15
      • •Absolute zero5.16
      • •The Kelvin temperature scale5.17
      • •Temperature and molecular speed5.18
      • •Temperature and molecular kinetic energy5.19
      • •Gas pressure, volume and temperature relationships5.20
      • •Pressure-temperature calculations5.21
      • •Pressure-volume calculations5.22
      • •Units for magnetism and electromagnetism6.1
      • •Magnetic attraction and repulsion6.2
      • •Magnetically hard and soft materials6.3
      • •Magnetic field lines6.4
      • •Induced magnetism6.5
      • •Practical: magnetic field patterns6.6
      • •Producing a uniform magnetic field6.7
      • •Magnetic fields around current-carrying conductors6.8
      • •Construction of electromagnets6.9P
      • •Fields of wires, coils and solenoids6.10P
      • •Forces on moving charged particles6.11P
      • •The motor effect and its applications6.12
      • •The left-hand rule6.13
      • •Factors affecting the motor effect6.14
      • •Induced voltage6.15
      • •Generators6.16
      • •Transformer structure and operation6.17P
      • •Transformers in electricity transmission6.18P
      • •Transformer voltage and turns ratio6.19P
      • •Power in an ideal transformer6.20P
      • •Units for radioactivity7.1
      • •Atomic structure and nuclear notation7.2
      • •Atomic number, mass number and isotopes7.3
      • •Random radioactive emissions7.4
      • •Properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation7.5
      • •Practical: penetration of ionising radiation7.6
      • •Effects of radioactive emissions on nuclei7.7
      • •Balancing nuclear equations7.8
      • •Detecting ionising radiation7.9
      • •Background radiation7.10
      • •Activity and radioactive decay7.11
      • •Half-life7.12
      • •Half-life calculations and graphs7.13
      • •Uses of radioactivity7.14
      • •Contamination and irradiation7.15
      • •Radiation hazards and precautions7.16
      • •Energy from nuclear reactions7.17
      • •Fission of uranium-2357.18
      • •Products of nuclear fission7.19
      • •Nuclear chain reactions7.20
      • •Control rods and moderators7.21
      • •Nuclear reactor shielding7.22
      • •Comparing fusion and fission7.23
      • •Nuclear fusion and mass loss7.24
      • •Fusion in stars7.25
      • •Conditions required for nuclear fusion7.26
      • •Units for astrophysics8.1
      • •The universe, galaxies and the solar system8.2
      • •Variations in gravitational field strength8.3
      • •Gravity and orbital motion8.4
      • •Orbits of comets, moons and planets8.5
      • •Orbital speed calculations8.6
      • •Classifying stars by colour8.7
      • •Star colour and surface temperature8.8
      • •Evolution of Sun-like stars8.9
      • •Evolution of massive stars8.10
      • •Absolute magnitude8.11P
      • •The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram8.12P
      • •Evolution of the universe and the Big Bang8.13P
      • •Evidence for the Big Bang8.14P
      • •Relative motion and observed waves8.15P
      • •Red-shift calculations8.16P
      • •Red-shift and galaxy distance8.17P
      • •Evidence for an expanding universe8.18P

Syllabus

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1) Physics (Linear) — 4PH1

      • •Units for forces and motion1.1
      • •Units for moments and momentum1.2P
      • •Distance-time graphs1.3
      • •Average speed calculations1.4
      • •Practical: investigating motion1.5
      • •Acceleration calculations1.6
      • •Velocity-time graphs1.7
      • •Acceleration from velocity-time graphs1.8
      • •Distance from velocity-time graphs1.9
      • •The speed, acceleration and distance equation1.10
      • •Effects of forces1.11
      • •Types of force1.12
      • •Vectors and scalars1.13
      • •Force as a vector1.14
      • •Resultant forces1.15
      • •Friction1.16
      • •Force, mass and acceleration1.17
      • •Weight and gravitational field strength1.18
      • •Thinking, braking and stopping distances1.19
      • •Factors affecting stopping distance1.20
      • •Falling objects and terminal velocity1.21
      • •Practical: force and extension1.22
      • •Hooke's law1.23
      • •Elastic behaviour1.24
      • •Momentum calculations1.25P
      • •Momentum and safety features1.26P
      • •Conservation of momentum1.27P
      • •Force and change in momentum1.28P
      • •Newton's third law1.29P
      • •Moments of forces1.30P
      • •Centre of gravity1.31P
      • •The principle of moments1.32P
      • •Forces on a supported beam1.33P
      • •Units for electricity2.1
      • •Electrical safety2.2
      • •Heating effects of electric current2.3
      • •Electrical power and fuse selection2.4
      • •Electrical energy, current, voltage and time2.5
      • •Alternating and direct current2.6
      • •Applications of series and parallel circuits2.7
      • •Current in series circuits2.8
      • •Current-voltage characteristics2.9
      • •Resistance and current2.10
      • •LDRs and thermistors2.11
      • •Lamps and LEDs as current indicators2.12
      • •Voltage, current and resistance2.13
      • •Current as the rate of flow of charge2.14
      • •Charge, current and time2.15
      • •Electron flow in metals2.16
      • •Conservation of current at junctions2.17
      • •Voltage across parallel components2.18
      • •Calculations for series resistors2.19
      • •Voltage as energy transferred per unit charge2.20
      • •Energy, charge and voltage2.21
      • •Electrical conductors and insulators2.22P
      • •Practical: charging by friction2.23P
      • •Charging by electron transfer2.24P
      • •Attraction and repulsion of charges2.25P
      • •Explaining electrostatic phenomena2.26P
      • •Dangers of electrostatic charge2.27P
      • •Uses of electrostatic charge2.28P
      • •Units for waves3.1
      • •Longitudinal and transverse waves3.2
      • •Wave terminology3.3
      • •Energy and information transfer by waves3.4
      • •Wave speed, frequency and wavelength3.5
      • •Frequency and time period3.6
      • •Applying wave equations3.7
      • •The Doppler effect3.8
      • •Reflection and refraction of waves3.9
      • •The electromagnetic spectrum3.10
      • •Order of the electromagnetic spectrum3.11
      • •Uses of electromagnetic radiation3.12
      • •Dangers of electromagnetic radiation3.13
      • •Light as a transverse wave3.14
      • •The law of reflection3.15
      • •Reflection and refraction ray diagrams3.16
      • •Practical: refraction of light3.17
      • •Refractive index calculations3.18
      • •Practical: refractive index of glass3.19
      • •Total internal reflection3.20
      • •Critical angle3.21
      • •Critical angle and refractive index3.22
      • •Sound as a longitudinal wave3.23
      • •The human hearing range3.24P
      • •Practical: speed of sound in air3.25P
      • •Displaying sound waves on an oscilloscope3.26P
      • •Practical: measuring sound frequency3.27P
      • •Pitch and frequency3.28P
      • •Loudness and amplitude3.29P
      • •Units for energy and power4.1
      • •Energy stores and transfers4.2
      • •Conservation of energy4.3
      • •Efficiency calculations4.4
      • •Energy transfers and Sankey diagrams4.5
      • •Conduction, convection and radiation4.6
      • •Convection in everyday situations4.7
      • •Emission and absorption of radiation4.8
      • •Practical: thermal energy transfer4.9
      • •Reducing unwanted energy transfers4.10
      • •Work, force and distance4.11
      • •Work done and energy transferred4.12
      • •Gravitational potential energy4.13
      • •Kinetic energy4.14
      • •Conservation of mechanical energy4.15
      • •Power as the rate of energy transfer4.16
      • •Power, work and time calculations4.17
      • •Energy transfers in electricity generation4.18P
      • •Comparing electricity generation methods4.19P
      • •Units for solids, liquids and gases5.1
      • •Units for specific heat capacity5.2P
      • •Density, mass and volume5.3
      • •Practical: measuring density5.4
      • •Pressure, force and area5.5
      • •Pressure in fluids at rest5.6
      • •Pressure difference in a fluid5.7
      • •Heating and energy changes5.8P
      • •Melting, evaporation and boiling5.9P
      • •Particle arrangement and motion5.10P
      • •Practical: temperature during a change of state5.11P
      • •Specific heat capacity5.12P
      • •Thermal energy change calculations5.13P
      • •Practical: specific heat capacity5.14P
      • •Gas particles and pressure5.15
      • •Absolute zero5.16
      • •The Kelvin temperature scale5.17
      • •Temperature and molecular speed5.18
      • •Temperature and molecular kinetic energy5.19
      • •Gas pressure, volume and temperature relationships5.20
      • •Pressure-temperature calculations5.21
      • •Pressure-volume calculations5.22
      • •Units for magnetism and electromagnetism6.1
      • •Magnetic attraction and repulsion6.2
      • •Magnetically hard and soft materials6.3
      • •Magnetic field lines6.4
      • •Induced magnetism6.5
      • •Practical: magnetic field patterns6.6
      • •Producing a uniform magnetic field6.7
      • •Magnetic fields around current-carrying conductors6.8
      • •Construction of electromagnets6.9P
      • •Fields of wires, coils and solenoids6.10P
      • •Forces on moving charged particles6.11P
      • •The motor effect and its applications6.12
      • •The left-hand rule6.13
      • •Factors affecting the motor effect6.14
      • •Induced voltage6.15
      • •Generators6.16
      • •Transformer structure and operation6.17P
      • •Transformers in electricity transmission6.18P
      • •Transformer voltage and turns ratio6.19P
      • •Power in an ideal transformer6.20P
      • •Units for radioactivity7.1
      • •Atomic structure and nuclear notation7.2
      • •Atomic number, mass number and isotopes7.3
      • •Random radioactive emissions7.4
      • •Properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation7.5
      • •Practical: penetration of ionising radiation7.6
      • •Effects of radioactive emissions on nuclei7.7
      • •Balancing nuclear equations7.8
      • •Detecting ionising radiation7.9
      • •Background radiation7.10
      • •Activity and radioactive decay7.11
      • •Half-life7.12
      • •Half-life calculations and graphs7.13
      • •Uses of radioactivity7.14
      • •Contamination and irradiation7.15
      • •Radiation hazards and precautions7.16
      • •Energy from nuclear reactions7.17
      • •Fission of uranium-2357.18
      • •Products of nuclear fission7.19
      • •Nuclear chain reactions7.20
      • •Control rods and moderators7.21
      • •Nuclear reactor shielding7.22
      • •Comparing fusion and fission7.23
      • •Nuclear fusion and mass loss7.24
      • •Fusion in stars7.25
      • •Conditions required for nuclear fusion7.26
      • •Units for astrophysics8.1
      • •The universe, galaxies and the solar system8.2
      • •Variations in gravitational field strength8.3
      • •Gravity and orbital motion8.4
      • •Orbits of comets, moons and planets8.5
      • •Orbital speed calculations8.6
      • •Classifying stars by colour8.7
      • •Star colour and surface temperature8.8
      • •Evolution of Sun-like stars8.9
      • •Evolution of massive stars8.10
      • •Absolute magnitude8.11P
      • •The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram8.12P
      • •Evolution of the universe and the Big Bang8.13P
      • •Evidence for the Big Bang8.14P
      • •Relative motion and observed waves8.15P
      • •Red-shift calculations8.16P
      • •Red-shift and galaxy distance8.17P
      • •Evidence for an expanding universe8.18P

Energy transfers and Sankey diagrams

Edexcel·Physics·4.5·Linear

Notes Coming Soon

The concept content for this specification point is being prepared. Check back soon.