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Edexcel A-level Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) — 9BN0 | KnowledgeSet

Subjects
A-Level
Biology
Edexcel
Edexcel A-level Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) — 9BN0

A-LevelEdexcel9BN0

Edexcel A-level Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) — 9BN0

Study **Biology A (9BN0)**, the Salters-Nuffield course. Its eight topics connect biological principles with health, biodiversity, environmental and physiological contexts.

1.1The need for a heart and circulation

1.2Water as a transport solvent

1.3Blood vessel structure and function

1.4Cardiac cycle and heart structure

1.5Development of atherosclerosis

1.6Blood clotting and cardiovascular disease

1.7Risk factors for cardiovascular disease

1.8Interpreting health-risk data

1.9Evaluating health-risk studies

1.10Perceptions of health risks

1.11Energy budgets, diet and obesity

1.12Carbohydrate structure and energy storage

1.13Carbohydrate condensation and hydrolysis

1.14Triglycerides and saturated and unsaturated lipids

1.15Cholesterol, lipoproteins and cardiovascular risk

1.16Reducing coronary heart disease risk

1.17Ethics of invertebrate research

1.18Treatments for cardiovascular disease

2.1Gas exchange surfaces, diffusion and the mammalian lung

2.2Cell membrane structure and models

2.4Membrane transport mechanisms

3.1Cells as the basis of living organisms

3.2Eukaryotic cell ultrastructure

3.3Protein transport through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

4.1Threats to the variety of life

4.2Measuring biodiversity, endemism and genetic diversity

4.3Niches and adaptations

4.4Natural selection, adaptation and evolution

5.1Ecosystems, communities, populations and habitats

5.2Biotic and abiotic controls on distribution and abundance

5.3Niches, distribution and abundance

6.1Estimating time of death

6.2Microorganisms, decomposition and carbon recycling

6.3DNA profiling and genetic relationships

6.4DNA amplification by PCR

7.1Muscles, tendons, ligaments and skeletal movement

7.2Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

7.3Aerobic respiration and enzyme-controlled reactions

8.1Neurone structure, function and myelination

8.2Stimulus responses and the pupil reflex

8.3Action potentials and saltatory conduction

8.4Synapses and neurotransmitters

2.5Nucleotides, DNA and RNA structure

2.6Transcription and translation

2.7The genetic code

2.8Genes and polypeptide sequences

2.9Amino acids and protein structure and function

2.10Enzyme action and specificity

2.11DNA replication and the Meselson–Stahl experiment

2.12Mutations and cystic fibrosis

2.13Monohybrid inheritance and genetic pedigrees

2.14Effects of cystic fibrosis on body systems

2.15Genetic screening and prenatal testing

2.16Ethical issues in genetic screening

Prokaryotic cell ultrastructure

3.5Identifying animal-cell organelles in electron micrographs

3.6Specialisation of mammalian gametes

3.7Fertilisation in mammals

3.8Gene loci, linkage and sex linkage

3.9Meiosis and genetic variation

3.10Mitosis and the cell cycle

3.11Stem cells, potency and medical therapies

3.12Cell specialisation and differential gene expression

3.13Tissues, organs and organ systems

3.14Genotype, environment and epigenetics

3.15Polygenic inheritance and continuous variation

4.5Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and speciation

4.6Classification, molecular phylogeny and evaluating evidence

4.7Plant cell ultrastructure

4.8Identifying plant-cell organelles in electron micrographs

4.9Starch, cellulose and microfibrils

4.10Plant cell walls and the properties of plant fibres

4.11Sclerenchyma, xylem and phloem

4.12Water and inorganic ions in plants

4.13Development of drug-testing protocols

4.14Conditions for bacterial growth

4.15Plant fibres, starch and sustainability

4.16Conservation through zoos and seed banks

Succession and climax communities

5.5The overall reaction of photosynthesis

5.6ATP synthesis and hydrolysis

5.7Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis

5.8The Calvin cycle and synthesis of biological molecules

5.9Chloroplast structure and photosynthesis

5.10Gross and net primary productivity

5.11Efficiency of biomass and energy transfer

5.12Evidence for climate change and its causes

5.13Anthropogenic climate change and greenhouse gases

5.14Climate-change models, predictions and limitations

5.15Effects of climate change on organisms

5.16Temperature, enzyme activity and organisms

5.17Evolution through mutation and natural selection

5.18Scientific validation of evolutionary evidence

5.19Isolation, gene flow and speciation

5.20Influences on conclusions about controversial scientific issues

5.21The carbon cycle and reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide

5.22Reforestation, biofuels and sustainable resource management

6.5Comparing bacteria and viruses

6.6Tuberculosis and HIV infection

6.7Non-specific responses to infection

6.8Antigens, antibodies and antigen presentation

6.9Roles of B cells and T cells

6.10Post-transcriptional changes and protein diversity

6.11Pathogen entry routes and barriers to infection

6.12Natural, artificial, active and passive immunity

6.13The evolutionary race between pathogens and hosts

6.14Bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotics

6.15Preventing hospital-acquired infections

Glycolysis in aerobic and anaerobic respiration

7.5The link reaction and Krebs cycle

7.6Oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis

7.7The fate of lactate after anaerobic respiration

7.8Cardiac electrical coordination and ECG diagnosis

7.9Cardiac output and control of heart rate and ventilation

7.10Muscle fibre structure and fibre types

7.11Negative and positive feedback

7.12Homeostasis and thermoregulation during exercise

7.13Health effects of too much or too little exercise

7.14Medical technology and participation in sport

7.15Ethics of performance-enhancing substances

7.16Transcription factors and hormonal control of gene expression

8.5Photoreception in rod cells

8.6Plant responses involving phytochrome and IAA

8.7Nervous and hormonal coordination

8.8Human brain regions and their functions

8.9Brain imaging in diagnosis and research

8.10The critical period of visual development

8.11Animal models in brain research

8.12Ethics of animals in medical research

8.13Learning by habituation

8.14Brain chemicals, ill health and drug development

8.15Effects of drugs on synaptic transmission

8.16Genome sequencing and personalised medicine

8.17Drug production using genetically modified organisms

8.18Risks and benefits of genetically modified organisms

8.19Nature and nurture in brain development